‘Catch-me-if-you-can’ traders, mala fide traders, seek to commit fraud and aim at substantially harming consumers without revealing their identity. They are on the run like Frank Abagnale, Jr in the movie Catch Me if You Can (2002). Whereas the movie character engages the spectators’ sympathy, maybe even compassion, rogue traders and their strategic avoidance of law enforcement clearly do not. My curiosity and disapproval were first triggered years ago when I saw the dubious advertisements for ring tone downloads and the powerless outcry they led to. ‘Catch-me-if-you-can’ traders always find new ways to hide; the Internet is their best friend. It is therefore the other side of the coin – the enforcement side – that I wish to contribute to with my book. My analysis of European consumer law enforcement is consequently carried out with a particular view to mala fide and bona fide traders. While we want to deter the former, we have an interest in encouraging the latter. One can look at consumer law from many different angles, one being the economic analysis of law. Law and economics provides fruitful insights for lawyers, economists and policymakers. Even though there is more to law than economic efficiency, it is essential to incorporate economic insights about enforcement of consumer protection law in the broader discussion of policy. This will improve the quality of such a discussion and indicate lines along which long-term legal reforms could be envisaged. This book would not have been possible without Prof. Michael G. Faure and Prof. Willem H. van Boom to whom I owe enormous thanks. With regard to the country studies, I wish to thank in particular Prof. Willem H. van Boom, Prof. Antonina Bakardjieva-Engelbrekt and Prof. Christopher Hodges for sharing their knowledge of, respectively, the Dutch, the Swedish and the English legal systems. I thank as well all other members of the Erasmus School of Law, who kindly discussed my research with me and provided helpful advice. I wish to mention Prof. Klaus Heine, Prof. Roger J. van den Bergh, Prof. Luigi A. Franzoni, Prof. Anthony I. Ogus, Dr. Sonja Keske, Dr Louis Visscher, Dr Niels J. Philipsen and Henriette van Dam-Lely. To the numerous interview partners from the various countries, I also want to extend my sincere thanks for their patient help and very interesting insights.